滨海城市竖向避难场所选址可靠性评价与若干问题探讨     

张威涛  任利剑  运迎霞 《地理科学》2020,40(11):1899-1908

关注滨海城市竖向避难场所的选址可靠性问题，首先深化确立“竖向避难场所”概念；然后构建竖向避难场所选址可靠性评价模型，综合自然地理要素和建成环境要素，从与灾害直接作用相关的选址暴露性、与应急交通相关的选址敏感性、与应急服务相关的选址适应性3个维度展开，搭建3级评价指标体系；再以天津滨海新区为例、聚焦滨海城市潮洪灾害和人口安全矛盾的集核——临港城区展开实证研究，借助ArcGIS分类与可视化发现：高低可靠性选址之间具有明显的空间分异，可以分解为灾害暴露性的“近岸高?远岸低”分异、交通敏感性的“外围高?中心低”分异、服务适应性的“中心与沿河高?外围低”兼“近港高?远港低”分异。同时发现：商业设施用地选址价值较高，在高可靠性选址中占比第一；中小学和社会福利设施用地选址价值最高，在高可靠性选址中占比第二；文化科研和娱乐康体设施用地在高可靠性选址中占比最小。针对临港城区实证研究结果，提出滨海城市竖向避难场所选址及可靠性提升对策。  相似文献   

Environmental impact of fluidized solidified silt casting on surrounding water bodies     

Yunquan Li  Silin Wu  Shi Shu  Yiyan Lv  Yan Cui 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(5):604-610

Abstract

With the growing demand for underwater refill engineering, the construction technology of implementing fluidized solidification in underwater pouring has recently received increased attention. However, the environmental impact of underwater casting on surrounding water bodies, especially when the silt is polluted, is still unclear. In this study, a simulated underwater pouring test and a static immersion release test were conducted separately to study the quality of the surrounding water during and after pouring. The results showed that fluidized-solidified silt casting could increase the pH of the surrounding water, even after the pouring had stopped, by approximately 1.0 and the turbidity could reach 200 NTU. No diffusion of Zn and Cu into the surrounding water was observed and while Ni and Cr exhibited slight diffusion, this was at a level well below international water quality standard. During construction, reducing the distance from the seafloor to the bottom of the pouring catheter could reduce the level of pollution. After construction, the use of neutral solidified materials can effectively reduce the pH of the surrounding water and the potential risk of heavy metal dissolution.  相似文献   

Torsional dynamic response of a large‐diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic saturated soil     

Changjie Zheng  Hanlong Liu  Xuanming Ding  Yaru Lv 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(16):1724-1743

An analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the dynamic response of a large‐diameter end‐bearing pipe pile subjected to torsional loading in viscoelastic saturated soil. The wave propagation in saturated soil and pile are simulated by Biot's two‐phased linear theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the outer soil, inner soil, and pile are established. The solutions for the outer and inner soils in frequency domain are obtained by Laplace transform technique and the separation of variables method. Then, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained on the basis of the perfect contacts between the pile and the outer soil as well as the inner soil. The results in this paper are compared with that of a solid pile in elastic saturated soil to verify the validity of the solution. Furthermore, the solution in this paper is compared with the classic plane strain solution to verify the solution further and check the accuracy of the plane strain solution. Numerical results are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics and illustrate the effect of the soil parameters and the geometry size of the pile on the complex impedance and velocity admittance of the pile head. Finally, the displacement of the soil at different depth and frequency is analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

珠江口盆地中中新世SQ14.8层序-沉积演化及其地质意义     

陈维涛  孙珍  何敏  张琴  王文勇  王绪诚  徐少华 《大地构造与成矿学》2021,45(5):875-891

中中新世,位于南海北部陆缘的珠江口盆地发生了构造、沉积和古气候格局的骤然变迁,而对古珠江沉积体系层序、沉积的研究为重塑该变革提供了良好契机.本文利用珠江口盆地三维地震和钻井资料,选取中中新世SQ14.8三级层序开展了系统的层序地层和沉积解剖,通过厘定关键层序、体系域界面,建立了高精度区域四分体系域格架,并在此基础上重建陆架-陆坡区主要沉积体系的宏观展布特征和演化过程.研究发现,SQ14.8三级层序记录了珠江口盆地新近纪以来最大规模的一次相对海平面下降,引发沉积滨线跨越陆架长距离迁移到陆架坡折,发育了从低位到强制海退完整的体系域单元.古珠江三角洲作为陆架区主要的沉积体系,在相对海平面升降旋回的驱动下,其发育位置从内陆架到陆架边缘的迁移过程中,发育主控因素也由河流作用为主逐渐变为河流和海洋水动力共同控制.强制海退体系域的识别及沉积展布研究为预测深水储层提供了依据,该时期发育的陆架边缘三角洲下方陆坡区是寻找富砂重力流储集体的有利地区,而陆架边缘三角洲侧翼砂质沉积较少,下方的扇体以泥质扇为主.综合分析认为中中新世变冷事件是造成13.8 Ma相对海平面强烈下降的主要原因,在珠江口盆地促成SQ14.8层序典型强制海退体系域及陆架边缘三角洲的发育,进一步证明该事件是一次全球性的气候事件,其响应不仅可以在大洋钻孔获取的O同位素中找到证据,在边缘海盆的沉积记录中也有明显反映.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅东部三叠系涅如组地球化学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学特征及构造意义     

喻晓  吕新彪  曹华文 《矿物岩石》2021,41(3):95-108

喜马拉雅中—新生代地层沉积于印度被动大陆边缘,三叠系沉积物物源分析是冈瓦纳大陆裂解和古地理研究的重要载体.特提斯喜马拉雅东段上三叠统涅如组碎屑岩的物质来源和沉积背景具有较大的争议,本次研究采集隆子县斗玉乡晚三叠世粉砂质板岩进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩主微量元素地球化学分析.涅如组碎屑锆石年龄具有两个明显的峰值:206～224Ma(峰值213 Ma)和462～567Ma(峰值512 Ma),表明涅如组沉积时代为晚三叠世诺利期.涅如组w(SiO2)含量较低(平均值为57.7％),w(Al2O3)值较高(17.2％),轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,轻稀土/重稀土元素平均值为8.1.高场强元素中Nb,Ta,Ti亏损,Zr,Hf,Th,U富集;大离子亲石元素中Ba,Sr亏损,Rb和K富集.综合分析认为源区岩石以酸性岩浆岩为主.本次研究认为上三叠统涅如组浊流相沉积形成于裂谷环境,代表新特提斯洋的打开;标志着拉萨板块从冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解,并开始向北漂移.  相似文献   

Recent expansion of talus slopes in the northern Taihang Mountain Range,China: an example from the Xiaowutai Region     

Wu  Jialiang  Ma  Chao  Yang  Wentao  Lyu  Liqun  Miao  Lv 《Landslides》2021,18(9):3027-3040

Landslides - Talus slopes play an important role in landscape evolution in some mid-altitude mountains. In this study, we analyzed talus slope activity on Xiaowutai Mountain in the Northern Taihang...  相似文献   

Effect of the Dry Ashing Method on Cadmium Isotope Measurements in Soil and Plant Samples     

Wei‐Xin Lv  Hao‐Ming Yin  Meng‐Shu Liu  Fang Huang  Hui‐Min Yu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2021,45(1):245-256

A dry ashing method is commonly used to remove organic material from samples prior to geochemical analysis. In the course of this study, the Cd isotope ratios of a series of soil and plant reference materials and samples were studied to evaluate the effect of the dry ashing method on measurement results of Cd isotope ratios. The samples were pre‐treated using the dry ashing method and high‐pressure bomb for comparison. The results show that the digestion using high‐pressure bombs did not lead to Cd loss, but using the dry ashing method would cause different proportions of Cd loss. The whole range of Cd isotope difference between two methods was from ?0.07‰ to 3.01‰. There was also an obvious difference in measured Cd isotope ratios from the same leaf sample pre‐treated independently by the dry ashing method, indicating that the amount of Cd loss and the effect on Cd isotope measurement during dry ashing is related to the properties of the samples. Therefore, dry ashing may not be appropriate for the removal of organic material in Cd isotope ratio measurement, especially for samples with high organic contents. The δ^114/110Cd values of reference materials NIST SRM 1573a and GSD‐30 are reported for the first time in this study.  相似文献   

西秦岭晚新生代构造变形的几何图像、运动学特征及其动力机制     

张逸鹏  郑文俊  袁道阳  王伟涛  张培震 《地质力学学报》2021,27(2):159-177

西秦岭位于东西向展布的秦岭-大别-苏鲁中央造山带与南北向展布的贺兰山-龙门山-川滇地震带构成的巨型"十字"构造区的交汇点,是中国大陆中部"西秦岭-松潘构造结"的重要组成部分。西秦岭晚新生代的构造变形与青藏高原的侧向扩展过程密切相关。该区构造变形的几何图像、运动特征及其深部动力学机制对于揭示青藏高原东北部的动力过程及强震活动具有重要意义。西秦岭地区主要断裂晚新生代以来的滑动速率及跨断裂GPS应变速率的结果表明,这一时期西秦岭构造带发生了明显的构造活动方式转换,主要的构造变形过程是通过其内部一系列低滑动速率的断裂活动以及断裂之间隆起山脉与盆地的变形,共同承担着自东昆仑断裂向西秦岭断裂之间的转换平衡。在调节这种构造转换过程中,西秦岭地区以"连续变形"为特征,即区域内的应变是以多条相对低滑动速率断裂的弥散变形遍布全区,并且西秦岭及其周缘块体的旋转作用也吸收了部分变形分量。综合已查明的区域构造活动特征、新生代岩浆活动、地球物理资料以及现今地貌特征可知,西秦岭在特提斯构造域的影响下,岩石圈的结构存在明显的流变学分层,一方面,西秦岭的上地壳保留了主造山期的地质构造形态,但中—下地壳的弱化使得莫霍面之上的圈层解耦,深部可流动的岩石圈地幔不但改变了陆内造山带的结构,同时也控制了现今上地壳连续变形的发育;另一方面,西秦岭内部的中强震主要发生在高速（或高阻）与低速（或低阻）的构造边界带附近。这种独特的流变学结构导致西秦岭在青藏高原向北生长和侧向扩展的过程中,不同阶段的构造变形过程是截然不同的。因此,进一步深入研究西秦岭地区的晚新生代构造转换过程及其机制,不仅对于理解青藏高原东北部的动力过程具有重要意义,更有助于深入认识南北地震构造带中段未来的强震危险性。   相似文献   

双站摄像资料重建闪电三维通道的方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高彦  吕伟涛  陈绿文  马颖  张阳  张义军 《高原气象》2015,(3):842-849

为了满足准确分析闪电通道三维发展特征和闪电先导相互作用的需求,建立了一种利用双站摄像资料重建闪电三维通道的方法,从两幅在不同位置拍摄到的闪电二维图像上分别获取通道的坐标序列,利用空间立体几何原理,寻找两组序列中互相匹配的坐标,再由匹配的坐标序列重建出最终的闪电三维通道。通过对一次实际观测个例的重建与分析,验证了重建算法在实际观测中的可靠性,并对闪电通道的三维长度和二维长度进行了对比,发现两者差异可达2倍以上,充分说明了闪电三维特征分析的重要性。  相似文献   

广州市排水管道检测结果分析及修复技术选择     

赵巨尧  周律  安关峰  段木子  刘添俊  张洪斌  李思敏 《岩土钻凿工程》2011,(2):106-110

为确定适合广州市地下排水管道的修复方法,对广州老城区近100kin2地区进行调查。调查采用管道潜望镜（Quick View,QV）、管道闭路电视（closed—Circuit Television,CCTV）、管道声纳（Sonar）进行综合探测,结果表明,调查区域内的地下排水管道存在的主要问题是破损断裂、错位、路基下沉、管道淤塞现象,其中小直径管道的损坏情况较为严重,尤其是300mm的管道将近报废。针对地下排水管道的调查情况,结合现有修复技术的特点,经过对修复成本及施工的难易性的研究讨论,得出适合多种管道和缺陷类型的翻转内衬法（Cured In Place Pipe,CIPP）和施工要求相对简单的U型折叠法（U-fold）满足要求,并能够产生较高经济社会效益。  相似文献